Web Only// Features » August 5, 2005
Keep the Voting Rights Act Alive
Extraordinary remedies are still required to protect minority enfranchisement
A major march is on tap for August 6 in Atlanta to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Voting Rights Act and to mobilize support for extension of some of the Act’s provisions. Although conceived and convened by the Rev. Jesse Jackson’s Rainbow/PUSH Coalition, the march has been enthusiastically endorsed and applauded by a wide array of civil rights, voting rights and civil liberties groups.
“We see schemes to undermine voting growing and the silence from the Department of Justice is deafening,” Jackson said at a news conference last month announcing the march. “The Voting Rights Act is a sacred act and it should not be tampered with.”
The Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965 during the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson after a decade of civil rights activism revealed the deep roots of opposition to black enfranchisement. The Act has been hailed as the most successful civil rights legislation ever passed by Congress. Many experts credit it directly for the emergence of a distinct black electorate and for more than 9,000 black elected officials. What’s more, the legislation helped not just black voters in the South, but Latinos, Native Americans and other minorities.
Key provisions of the Act are set to expire in August 2007 and the “Keep the Vote Alive” march in Atlanta also is a demand for President George W. Bush and Congress to extend those provisions.
This renewed attention on the 1965 bill is a bit of a shift in tactics for civil rights groups, who for years had to aggressively debunk widespread rumors that a congressional refusal to extend the Act would remove African-Americans’ right to vote. After formerly assuring black voters the Act could not expire, the civil rights community now must mobilize support around a more nuanced reading of the 40-year-old legislation.
The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guaranteed African-Americans the right to vote, but that guarantee was often stymied by government officials committed to white supremacy. The civil rights movement fought to strengthen the 15th Amendment and helped produce the Voting Rights Act, which further mandated that no federal, state or local government shall impede or discourage people from registering to vote or voting because of their race.
However racist voting practices had become so embedded in many regions of the country-most notably the South-that framers of the Act had to include “extraordinary remedies” to root them out. Those special features were scheduled to expire in 1970, but legislators have extended them twice since then.
Among the provisions scheduled to expire in 2007 is one that requires certain states and precincts-again, most of them in the South-to get the Justice Department to give “pre-clearance” to changes in voting time, place or manner. March supporters argue this provision is one of the most important components of the Act.
“Anyone who claims that voting rights for minority Americans are now secure need only to look to Florida in 2000 and Ohio in 2004,” said NAACP Board Chairman Julian Bond, during the group’s annual convention last month in Milwaukee. The NAACP has aggressively sought to redress the polling irregularities and other barriers black voters faced during those elections, and is strongly supporting the August 6 march.
“In 1965, it was about vote denial; today we have what we call second-generation discrimination, or vote dilution or limiting the effectiveness of minority voting,” said Debo Adegbile, an NAACP official.
Another extraordinary remedy set to expire requires localities that have heavy populations of non-English speakers to provide ballots and instruction in other languages.
Rep. James Sensenbrenner, a Wisconsin Republican and chairman of the judiciary committee, spoke at the NAACP convention and pledged support for an extension of the endangered provisions. “While we have made progress and curtailed injustices thanks to the Voting Rights Act, our work is not yet complete,” he told the NAACP crowd. “We cannot let discriminatory practices of the past resurface to threaten future gains.”
Although legislators on both sides of the aisle seem amenable to another extension of the Act and all its provisions, there is opposition. Abigale Thernstrom, a member of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, and Edward Blum, a senior fellow with the conservative Center for Equal Opportunity, criticized politicians for vocally backing reauthorization in a recent July column in the Wall Street Journal. “Draconian federal intrusion into local elections was justified when it was the only way to enfranchise Southern blacks-but 40 years on, it’s an unconstitutional travesty,” they wrote.
Many in this conservative Congress share those sentiments and probably would express them loudly were it not for the GOP’s current crusade to capture more black mindshare. Instead, conservative Rep. Sensenbrenner announced to NAACP delegates that Republicans would draft a 25-year reauthorization of the act.
The August 6 march has failed to stir up much excitement within the black community. But it already has been successful in the goal to transform a 40-year-old congressional bill into a civil rights icon.
ABOUT THIS AUTHOR
Salim Muwakkil is a senior editor of In These Times, where he has worked since 1983. He is the host of "The Salim Muwakkil" show on WVON, Chicago's historic black radio station, and he wrote the text for the book HAROLD: Photographs from the Harold Washington Years.
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Reader Comments
I doubt the GOP really wants to extend the act because the African-American community is so heavily Democratic. While it would look VERY BAD to not reauthorize the Voting Rights Act on the part of Repugs, they have found other ways to disenfranchise voters more subtly. Black communities get the crappiest voting machines with the greatest likelihood of mistabulating the results. In addition, most black precincts do not have enough voting machines, meaning long waits in line which probably turns off a lot of voters. In Florida 2000, the GOP disenfranchised the black community through the use of a so-called felon list, which contained 90,000 names, 54% of which were black, even though African Amricans make up only 13% of Florida’s populataion. 95% of the people on that list were not actual felons, but had names similar to actual criminals. Katherine Harris and her office knew that, but did nothing about it. If that is not a violation of the 15th Amendment and the Voting Rights Act, I do not know what is. Katherine Harris, Jeb Bush, and the heads of the company that made that database SHOULD ALL BE IN JAIL!!!!!
Posted by Liberal on Aug 5, 2005 at 11:49 AM
American Center for Voting Rights
www.ac4vr.com
Their new report on the latest Presidential election
http://www.ac4vr.com/reports/072005/default.html
There are links to specific reports of voter intmidation and suppression against both Democrats and Republicans.
Pretty interesting.
Posted by MiddleRoad on Aug 5, 2005 at 4:06 PM
Although Salim Muwakkil has the correct idea that the Voting Rights Act should be renewed it’s a moot argument because of the ability to hack into voting machines plus the proof that the voting process and the counting of votes are all controlled by Republican operatives, not the American citizens.
When nine judges who get to vote twice for the president of the United States, once in the general election, and again in their personal meddling in the democratic voting process, then all the sugar-coated laws on the books amount to nothing but a comic exercise.
I personally don’t think we’ll ever have an honest election again as long as Republicans and their money-bloated corporate lobbyists control every single lever of our government. These people have become the epitome and complete personification of Greed and Corruption.
According to statistics that I read shortly after the November 2004 election, something like 78 million eligible voters did not bother going to the polls to cast their votes.
This was the recipe, call it the Perfect Storm, that gave us the Bush disaster that we must all live with for the next 4 years. When this many people view the voting process as so corrupt and meaningless that they don’t bother going to the polls we gave our assent to the dictatorship we have today in the form of a one-party rule.
Voting Rights Act, Help America Vote Act? Like all Bush rhetoric and Republican legislation, it’s just eye wash.
Posted by Richard2 on Aug 5, 2005 at 7:33 PM
I absolutely agree with the majority of what Richard2 said that the voting process is so fragile currently too allow easy corruption. However i am sick and tired of hearing democrats bitch and moan about how only Republicans do these dirty tricks. Sure we all know that Bush, oh i mean King George as he likes to be called, cheated the American public in back to back elections. However how come you democrats never ever mention how the democratic party took Ralph Naders name off the ballot in many many states. (http://www.votenader.org/why_ralph/index.php?cid=166)
http://www.votenader.org/why_ralph/index.php?cid=163
http://www.votenader.org/issues/index.php?cid=115
http://www.votenader.org/media_press/index.php?cid=316
And too lefty before you accuse me of being a conservative again, just because I am not one of the millions of Democrats brainwashed like u who believe the democrats do no evil remember that Nader did get over a million votes in 2004 and that I am one of those million not one of the Bush voters
Posted by NaderRaider on Aug 7, 2005 at 11:23 AM
Dear Lefty:
Kerry Receives 100 Times More in Contributions from GOP Donors than Nader
Center for Responsive Politics Finds: 50,000 Republican-Kerry Contributions vs. 700 Republican-Nader Contributions
$10.7 million for Kerry vs. $111,700 for Nader.
Who is really in bed with Republican fat cats: Ralph Nader or John Kerry? Who is the real independent candidate with the independent message?
Washington, DC: Today, the Independent presidential campaign of Ralph Nader and Peter Miguel Camejo released the preliminary findings of research conducted by the Center for Responsive Politics. The findings demonstrate that Senator John Kerry has thousands of contributors who have supported the Republican Party. Kerry has more than ten million dollars donated by Republican donors.
The anti-Nader Democrats have spread their big lie to discredit Nader and silence his anti-war and progressive message that Kerry could not rebut. The anti-Naderites hired Stanley Greenberg to conduct surveys and focus groups to determine how best to smear Nader. They found that falsely claiming Nader was funded and controlled by Republicans was the most effective line they could use
Posted by NaderRaider on Aug 7, 2005 at 11:27 AM
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