Jim Crow in the North

A new history examines the struggle to integrate above the Mason-Dixon Line.

By Lewis M. Steel

For generations, the North has given itself credit for being less racially biased than the South, and for being the better place for African Americans to live. The logic was straightforward -- at least to Northerners. After Reconstruction ended in 1876, the South imposed Jim Crow, [RETURN TO ARTICLE]